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With a credit card, your maximum loss on any transactions you report as fraud is $50 with a debit card, that protection only extends for within two days of the unauthorized transaction. The black market value, impact to consumers and banks, and liability associated with different types of card fraud.Īnd as the above graphic from the report illustrates, there are different legal protections for fraudulent transactions on debit vs. This highlights a warning that KrebsOnSecurity has relayed to readers in many previous stories on pump skimming attacks: Using a debit card at the pump can be way riskier than paying with cash or a credit card.
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“Availability of a PIN code with a stolen debit card in particular, can increase its value five-fold on the black market,” the researchers wrote. Those earnings estimates assume an even distribution of credit and debit card use among customers of a compromised pump: The more customers pay with a debit card, the more profitable the whole criminal scheme may become. Armed with your PIN and debit card data, skimmer thieves or those who purchase stolen cards can clone your card and pull money out of your account at an ATM. Not a bad haul either way, considering these skimmers typically cost about $25 to produce. “Based on the prior figures, we estimate the range of per-day revenue from a skimmer is $4,253 (25 cards per day, cashout of $362 per card, and 47% cashout success rate), and our high end estimate is $63,638 (100 cards per day per day, $1,354 cashout per card, and cashout success rate of 47%),” the study notes. This can result from the skimmers sometimes incorrectly reading card data, daily withdrawal limits, or fraud alerts at the issuing bank. The academics also studied court documents which revealed that skimmer scammers often are only able to “cashout” stolen cards - either through selling them on the black market or using them for fraudulent purchases - a little less than half of the time. The researchers found the skimmers their app found collected data from roughly 20 -25 payment cards each day - evenly distributed between debit and credit cards (although they note estimates from payment fraud prevention companies and the Secret Service that put the average figure closer to 50-100 cards daily per compromised machine).
The fuel skimmer study also helps explain how quickly these hidden devices can generate huge profits for the organized gangs that typically deploy them. “These products can be mistaken for skimmers by existing detection apps.” BLACK MARKET VALUE student and principal author of the study. “Bluetooth technology used in these skimmers are also used for legitimate products commonly seen at and near gas stations such as speed-limit signs, weather sensors and fleet tracking systems,” said Nishant Bhaskar, UC San Diego Ph.D.
While several other Android-based apps designed to find pump skimmers are already available, the researchers said Bluetana was developed with an eye toward eliminating false-positives that some of these other apps can fail to distinguish.
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All of the skimmers were later collected by law enforcement, including two that were reportedly missed in manual safety inspections of the pumps six months earlier.
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The researchers said their volunteers collected Bluetooth scans at 1,185 gas stations across six states, and that Bluetana detected a total of 64 skimmers across four of those states.
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The skimming devices can then be attached to electronics inside the pumps in a matter of seconds, and because they’re also wired to the pump’s internal power supply the skimmers can operate indefinitely without the need of short-lived batteries.Īnd increasingly, these pump skimmers are fashioned to relay stolen card data and PINs via Bluetooth wireless technology, meaning the thieves who install them can periodically download stolen card data just by pulling up to a compromised pump and remotely connecting to it from a Bluetooth-enabled mobile device or laptop.Īccording to the study, some 44 volunteers - mostly law enforcement officials and state employees - were equipped with Bluetana over a year-long experiment to test the effectiveness of the scanning app. They are usually unattended, and in too many cases a handful of master keys will open a great many pumps at a variety of filling stations.
Gas pumps are a perennial target of skimmer thieves for several reasons. The Bluetooth pump skimmer scanner app ‘Bluetana’ in action.
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